A.
Understanding and Colloidal Types
The colloidal system is a mixed form which lies between the solution and the suspension (crude mixture). The colloidal system is closely related to our daily lives . Body fluids, such as blood are colloidal systems, foods such as milk, cheese, rice, and bread are colloidal systems. Paints, various medicines, cosmetic ingredients, farmland are also colloidal systems. Colloid is a mixed system of "metastable" (as if stable, but will separate after a certain time). Colloids are different from solutions; Solution is stable.
The colloidal system is a mixed form which lies between the solution and the suspension (crude mixture). The colloidal system is closely related to our daily lives . Body fluids, such as blood are colloidal systems, foods such as milk, cheese, rice, and bread are colloidal systems. Paints, various medicines, cosmetic ingredients, farmland are also colloidal systems. Colloid is a mixed system of "metastable" (as if stable, but will separate after a certain time). Colloids are different from solutions; Solution is stable.
Colloids (Colloid Dispersions) features:
Example: a mixture of milk with water.
It is macroscopically homogeneous, but heterogeneous if observed with an ultra microscope.
The particles are dimensionless between 1 nm-100 nm.
Two phases
Generally stable.
Can not be filtered, except with ultra filters.
Types
of Colloids
Based on the dispersed phase and dispersion phase a colloid is divided as follows:
1. Aerosols
The colloidal system of a solid or liquid particles disposed of in a gas is called aerosol. If the dispersed substance is a solid, called a solid aerosol; If the dispersed substance is a liquid, it is called a liquid aerosol. Today many products are made in aerosol form, such as hair spray (hair spray), mosquito spray, perfume, spray paint, and others.
2. Sol
The colloidal system of solid particles dispersed in a liquid is called a sol. Colloid type soles we find in everyday life and in industry.
The colloidal system of liquid dispersed in other liquids is called an emulsion. The requirement of the emulsion is that the two types of liquids do not dissolve. Emulsions are formed because of emulsifier (emulgator). Examples are casein in milk and egg yolks in mayonise.
3. Sour
The colloidal system of a gas dispersed in a liquid is called foam. As with emulsions, to stabilize the foam, there is a need for a foaming agent, such as soap, detergent, and protein.
4. Gel
A semi-rigid colloid (between solid and liquid) is called a gel. Examples: gelatin, glue kanji, jam, gelatin, soap gel, and silica gel. The gel may be formed from a dispersed solvent dispersion medium resulting in a rather dense colloid.
Based on the dispersed phase and dispersion phase a colloid is divided as follows:
1. Aerosols
The colloidal system of a solid or liquid particles disposed of in a gas is called aerosol. If the dispersed substance is a solid, called a solid aerosol; If the dispersed substance is a liquid, it is called a liquid aerosol. Today many products are made in aerosol form, such as hair spray (hair spray), mosquito spray, perfume, spray paint, and others.
2. Sol
The colloidal system of solid particles dispersed in a liquid is called a sol. Colloid type soles we find in everyday life and in industry.
The colloidal system of liquid dispersed in other liquids is called an emulsion. The requirement of the emulsion is that the two types of liquids do not dissolve. Emulsions are formed because of emulsifier (emulgator). Examples are casein in milk and egg yolks in mayonise.
3. Sour
The colloidal system of a gas dispersed in a liquid is called foam. As with emulsions, to stabilize the foam, there is a need for a foaming agent, such as soap, detergent, and protein.
4. Gel
A semi-rigid colloid (between solid and liquid) is called a gel. Examples: gelatin, glue kanji, jam, gelatin, soap gel, and silica gel. The gel may be formed from a dispersed solvent dispersion medium resulting in a rather dense colloid.
Based on its elasticity, gel can be divided into:
1.Gel elastic
The elastic gels, which can be deformed when given a force and return to the original shape if force is removed. Examples are soap and gelatin.
2. Non-elastic gels
Gel that is not elastic, meaning does not change if given style. An example is silica gel.
B. Colloidal properties
1.Gel elastic
The elastic gels, which can be deformed when given a force and return to the original shape if force is removed. Examples are soap and gelatin.
2. Non-elastic gels
Gel that is not elastic, meaning does not change if given style. An example is silica gel.
B. Colloidal properties
1. Tyndall Effect
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloid solutions, an event in which the path of the colloid rays can be seen because colloid particles can scatter light into all directions. Examples: sunlight scattered colloidal particles in the sky, until the sky is blue during the day and orange in the afternoon; Dust in the room will be visible if there is light coming in through the gap.
2. Brownian motion
Brownian motion is the motion of colloid particles in the dispersing medium continuously, because of the collision between the dispersed particle and dispersant. Due to this continuous active motion, the colloidal particles do not separate if ignored.
3. Colloid Adsorption
Colloidal adsorption is the absorption of substances or ions on the colloidal surface. The nature of adsorption is used in the process: sugar cane bleaching, Norit, and water purification. Example: colloid between diarrhea drugs and fluid in the intestine that will absorb the germs that cause diarrhea
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloid solutions, an event in which the path of the colloid rays can be seen because colloid particles can scatter light into all directions. Examples: sunlight scattered colloidal particles in the sky, until the sky is blue during the day and orange in the afternoon; Dust in the room will be visible if there is light coming in through the gap.
2. Brownian motion
Brownian motion is the motion of colloid particles in the dispersing medium continuously, because of the collision between the dispersed particle and dispersant. Due to this continuous active motion, the colloidal particles do not separate if ignored.
3. Colloid Adsorption
Colloidal adsorption is the absorption of substances or ions on the colloidal surface. The nature of adsorption is used in the process: sugar cane bleaching, Norit, and water purification. Example: colloid between diarrhea drugs and fluid in the intestine that will absorb the germs that cause diarrhea
4.Colloid Charge and Electrophoresis
Colloid charges are determined by the ion charge absorbed by the colloid surface. Electrophoresis is the movement of colloid particles due to the influence of the electric field.
Colloidal particles have the ability to absorb ions or electric charges on the surface. Colloidal particles therefore become electrically charged. Absorption on this surface is called adsorption.
Because the colloidal particles have a charge it can move in an electric field. If the colloid is fed direct current through the electrode, then the positively charged colloid will move toward the negative electrode and upon arrival in the negative electrode there will be neutralization of the charge and the colloid will coagulate.
Example: factory chimney fitted with electroplated metal plate in order to coagulate the dust.
Colloid charges are determined by the ion charge absorbed by the colloid surface. Electrophoresis is the movement of colloid particles due to the influence of the electric field.
Colloidal particles have the ability to absorb ions or electric charges on the surface. Colloidal particles therefore become electrically charged. Absorption on this surface is called adsorption.
Because the colloidal particles have a charge it can move in an electric field. If the colloid is fed direct current through the electrode, then the positively charged colloid will move toward the negative electrode and upon arrival in the negative electrode there will be neutralization of the charge and the colloid will coagulate.
Example: factory chimney fitted with electroplated metal plate in order to coagulate the dust.
5.Colloid Coagulation
Colloid coagulation is a clumping of colloids due to opposite charge electrolytes. Example: the dirt on the water is clumped by alum so the water becomes clear.
Factors that cause coagulation:
Ø Temperature changes.
Ø Stirring.
Ø The addition of ions with a large load (example: alum).
Ø Positive colloid mixing and negative colloid. Colloid Protector
Colloid coagulation is a clumping of colloids due to opposite charge electrolytes. Example: the dirt on the water is clumped by alum so the water becomes clear.
Factors that cause coagulation:
Ø Temperature changes.
Ø Stirring.
Ø The addition of ions with a large load (example: alum).
Ø Positive colloid mixing and negative colloid. Colloid Protector
6. Dialysis
In colloid manufacture, there are often ions that can disrupt the colloidal stability. These disruptive ions can be removed by a process called dialysis.
In this process, the colloidal system is inserted into the colloid pouch, then the colloid pouch is inserted into the vessel containing the flowing water (see figure). Colloid bags are made of semipackable membranes, which are membranes that can miss small particles, such as ions or simple molecules, but withstand colloids. Thus, the ions out of the bag and drift with the water.
Colloid
In colloid manufacture, there are often ions that can disrupt the colloidal stability. These disruptive ions can be removed by a process called dialysis.
In this process, the colloidal system is inserted into the colloid pouch, then the colloid pouch is inserted into the vessel containing the flowing water (see figure). Colloid bags are made of semipackable membranes, which are membranes that can miss small particles, such as ions or simple molecules, but withstand colloids. Thus, the ions out of the bag and drift with the water.
Colloid
Liofil
and Lycophobic
Colloid
Colloid Lycophile is a colloid that adsorbs fluid, thus forming a sheath around the colloids. Example: gelatin.
Colloid Lycophile is a colloid that adsorbs fluid, thus forming a sheath around the colloids. Example: gelatin.
Lycophile Colloid
Adsorpting medium.
Can be made with a relatively large concentration.
Not easily coagulated with the addition of electrolytes.
The viscosity is greater than the medium.
Reversible.
Tyndall effect is weak
Colloid Liofob is a solid that does not adsorb liquids. For a stable colloid loading, the dispersant must be free from electrolytes by means of dialysis, ie the purification of the dispersing medium of the electrolyte.
Lycophobic colloid
Does not adsorb the medium.
Only stable at small concentrations.
Easily clot on the addition of electrolytes.
Viscosity is almost the same as the medium.
Not reversible.
The tyndall effect is clearer.
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