ENGLISH TUGAS MANDIRI

RESUME

Day and date : Tuesday, April 11th 2017

Classification of Matter

Matter is a term used for everything having mass and volume. Matter is stiff of which all materials are made. All matters is composed by atom.

Pure Matter: Same types of atoms or molecules comprise pure matters. They have some distinguishing properties. There are two pure matters, elements and compounds.

Properties of Pure Matters:

• They are homogeneous.
• They have specific physical properties like boiling point, density or freezing point.
• Temperature during phase change is constant

1. Atom

            Atom is extremely smallest part that building bloks of matter. Theory of atom said that atoms cannot to be broken down into smaller pieces by chemical means. But modern theory of atom said that atom can to be broken down into smaller pieces, such us e (electron), p ( proton ), n ( neutron ), and positron.

2. Element

Element is Substances made up of only one type of atom. Cannot be separated by any physical OR chemical process. That element build by same type of atom and can to identicaly. Example : Fe, Al, Li, Na, K, atc.

Different between atom and element : atom is smallest part of element, and element is substance that composed of identicaly atom, canot be decompose into other substance.

3. Molecule

            Molecule is combination of 2 or more atom ( can same or different ) and molecule is the small particle that build substance.

Different between atom and molecule : atom have a bonding , but molecule haven’t a bonding.

4. Compound

Compound is Two or more than two elements come together in specific amounts and form new matter that we call compound. Compounds have only 1 set of properties.  They cannot be separated by any physical process. Can only be separated by a chemical reaction. The ratio of the elements in a compound is always the same. Example : NaCl. Properties of Compounds:

• All compounds are pure substances
• Smallest particle of compound is molecule including different types of atoms.

Different between element and compound : element have a bonding, compound haven’t a bonding.

5. Mixture

            Mixture is Different two or more than two types of matter (element, molecule, compound) are mixed to get mixture. All matters forming mixture keep their original properties. They are not pure matters. We can explain mixtures under two titles, homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.

a) Homogeneous Mixtures: All parts of mixture show same properties in homogeneous mixtures. We can call homogeneous mixtures as solutions. Salt water, sugar water, air are examples of homogeneous mixtures.

b) Heterogeneous Mixtures: Mixtures do not show same uniformity in all parts of it. In this types of mixtures, you can see different phases of matters. Water+Sand, milk, blood, soil are some common examples of heterogeneous mixtures.

Emulsion: Heterogeneous mixture including two different liquids. For example, oil-water, gasoline-water are emulsion examples.

Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture produced by one solid and one liquid matter.Sand-water, naphthalene-water are examples of suspension.

Colloids: are heterogeneous mixture type. Solute matters are homogeneously distributed in  solvent however; we can see particles of solute with naked eye or microscope in colloids but, in solutions we can not see particles with microscope. Thus; colloids are assumed to be heterogeneous mixture.

Different between Compounds and Mixtures :

1. Ratio between matters forming compound is constant but ratio between matters forming mixture is variable.
2. Matters forming compounds loose their properties but matters forming mixtures preserve their properties.
3. We can decompose compounds with chemical methods but we decompose mixtures with physical methods.

  source :

1. http://www.chemistrytutorials.org/content/matters-and-properties-of-matters/1-classification-of-matters

2. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Properties_of_Matter/Classification_of_Matter